Coastal Skipper revision module 13 of 17

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Meteorology

Interpreting forecasts, Beaufort scale, synoptic patterns, barometer work, and broadcast meteorology.

Shipping forecast terms and Beaufort scaleSources of broadcast meteorological information

13 guided lessons · 23 practice questions · 23 flashcards

3 outcomes · self-guided revision
  • Explain interpreting forecasts, Beaufort scale, synoptic patterns, barometer work, and broadcast meteorology.
  • Apply Shipping forecast terms and Beaufort scale to a realistic onboard situation.
  • Recall the core check: check the weather forecast BEFORE every passage.

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Lesson summaries

Use this module hub to choose the right lesson, then open the dedicated lesson page for the complete explanation, worked examples, FAQs, and practice questions.

Weather and the Sailor

Weather is one of the most critical factors in safe seamanship. Wind strength and direction determine sailing conditions, sea state affects comfort and safety, and visibility impacts navi...

  • Check the weather forecast BEFORE every passage
  • Monitor conditions and forecasts throughout the passage
Read the full lesson: Weather and the Sailor

The Beaufort Scale

The Beaufort Scale describes wind force from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). It links wind speed to observed sea and land conditions. For coastal and offshore passage planning, pay particular...

  • Force 0: Calm (< 1 knot), sea like a mirror
  • Force 3: Gentle breeze (7–10 kn), large wavelets
Read the full lesson: The Beaufort Scale

Shipping Forecast Terminology

The BBC Shipping Forecast covers 31 sea areas around the British Isles. It reports wind direction (the direction it blows FROM), wind speed (in Beaufort scale), weather (rain, fog, etc.),...

  • Veering = wind shifting clockwise
  • Backing = wind shifting anticlockwise
Read the full lesson: Shipping Forecast Terminology

Pressure Systems

High pressure (anticyclone) brings generally settled, fair weather with light winds. Wind circulates clockwise around a high in the northern hemisphere. Low pressure (depression or cyclon...

  • High pressure = fair weather, light winds, clockwise circulation (N hemisphere)
  • Low pressure = unsettled, windy, anticlockwise circulation (N hemisphere)
Read the full lesson: Pressure Systems

Fronts

A warm front marks the leading edge of warm air advancing over cold air. It brings a gradual deterioration: high cirrus cloud, then lower cloud, steady rain, poor visibility, and a rise i...

  • Warm front: gradual deterioration, steady rain, poor vis, temp rises, wind veers
  • Cold front: sharper change, heavy rain, squally, temp drops, vis improves after
Read the full lesson: Fronts

Air Masses and Cloud Types

An air mass is a large body of air with broadly similar temperature and humidity. Around the British Isles, common air masses include polar maritime (cool, moist, unstable with showers),...

  • Air masses are defined by temperature and moisture history
  • Polar maritime is usually cool, moist, and showery around the UK
Read the full lesson: Air Masses and Cloud Types

Buys Ballot’s Law

Buys Ballot’s Law allows you to locate the centre of a depression from the wind you experience. In the northern hemisphere: stand with your back to the wind, and the low-pressure centre i...

  • Stand with back to the wind: low pressure is to your left (N hemisphere)
  • Surface friction means the low is slightly ahead-left, not exactly left
Read the full lesson: Buys Ballot’s Law

Barometer Trends and Short-Range Prediction

The barometer (barograph) is one of the most useful instruments aboard for short-range weather prediction. A steady or slowly rising barometer suggests stable or improving conditions. A f...

  • Rising barometer = improving or stable conditions
  • Falling barometer = deteriorating weather approaching
Read the full lesson: Barometer Trends and Short-Range Prediction

Sketching a Synoptic Chart

At Coastal Skipper level you should be able to sketch a rough synoptic chart from the general synopsis portion of the shipping forecast. This gives you a spatial picture of where highs, l...

  • Place high and low centres from the synopsis (position + pressure)
  • Mark fronts (warm, cold, occluded) and their movement
Read the full lesson: Sketching a Synoptic Chart

Local Wind Effects

Sea breezes develop on warm, sunny days when the land heats faster than the sea. Warm air rises over the land, and cooler air from the sea flows in to replace it. Sea breezes typically de...

  • Sea breeze: land heats → air rises → cooler sea air flows in (daytime, F3–4)
  • Land breeze: land cools at night → air flows from land to sea (weaker, F1–2)
Read the full lesson: Local Wind Effects

Sea Fog

Sea fog is most commonly advection fog: warm, moist air moving over a colder sea surface. The air is cooled to its dew point from below, causing water vapour to condense into fog. Around...

  • Sea fog often forms when warm moist air passes over colder sea
  • It is common in spring and early summer around cold coastal waters
Read the full lesson: Sea Fog

Weatherfax and Weather Satellite Information

Weatherfax broadcasts synoptic charts and related meteorological products by radio or internet download. For a Coastal Skipper or Yachtmaster candidate, the value is that a weatherfax cha...

  • Weatherfax can provide synoptic charts by radio or internet download
  • Satellite imagery shows observed cloud, fronts, fog, and developing systems
Read the full lesson: Weatherfax and Weather Satellite Information

Sources of Weather Information

BBC Radio 4 currently carries the Shipping Forecast at 0048 and 0520 every day, with an additional 1754 broadcast at weekends. The Inshore Waters Forecast follows the early broadcasts at...

  • Shipping Forecast: currently 0048 and 0520 daily, plus 1754 at weekends; verify the schedule
  • Inshore Waters follows the early broadcasts at about 0055 and 0527; verify the schedule
Read the full lesson: Sources of Weather Information

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