Coastal Skipper revision module 11 of 17

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Tides & Tidal Streams

Tidal heights, tidal curves, tidal diamonds, stream atlases, and secondary port corrections.

Tidal diamonds and tidal stream atlasesAdmiralty method for tidal height at standard port

11 guided lessons · 24 practice questions · 19 flashcards

3 outcomes · self-guided revision
  • Explain tidal heights, tidal curves, tidal diamonds, stream atlases, and secondary port corrections.
  • Apply Tidal diamonds and tidal stream atlases to a realistic onboard situation.
  • Recall the core check: tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun.

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Lesson summaries

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What Causes Tides?

Tides are caused primarily by the gravitational pull of the Moon (and to a lesser extent the Sun) on the Earth's oceans. As the Earth rotates, bulges of water follow the Moon, creating th...

  • Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun
  • UK has semi-diurnal tides — two highs and two lows per ~25 hours
Read the full lesson: What Causes Tides?

Springs and Neaps

When the Sun and Moon align (new moon and full moon), their gravitational pulls combine, producing spring tides — the highest highs and lowest lows. When the Sun and Moon are at right ang...

  • Spring tides — Sun and Moon aligned (new/full moon). Largest range.
  • Neap tides — Sun and Moon at 90° (quarter moon). Smallest range.
Read the full lesson: Springs and Neaps

Tidal Definitions and Datum

Chart Datum (CD) is the reference level from which depths on charts and tidal heights are measured. It is set at approximately the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) — the lowest tide that ca...

  • Chart Datum (CD) ≈ Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT)
  • Charted depths are below CD
Read the full lesson: Tidal Definitions and Datum

Using Tide Tables

Tide tables list the predicted times and heights of high water (HW) and low water (LW) for standard ports, for every day of the year. They are published in the nautical almanac (or the de...

  • Tide tables give HW and LW times and heights for standard ports
  • Check whether the product shows UT/UTC or local civil time before applying BST
Read the full lesson: Using Tide Tables

The Tidal Curve Method

The Admiralty tidal curve is the standard method for finding the height of tide at any time. Step 1: Find the HW time and height, and LW height, from the tide tables. Step 2: Calculate th...

  • Range = HW height − LW height
  • Find hours before/after HW for your required time
Read the full lesson: The Tidal Curve Method

Secondary Port Calculations

Most ports are listed as secondary ports, with differences applied to a nearby standard port. The almanac provides time differences (e.g., HW is 20 minutes later) and height differences o...

  • Secondary ports use differences from a standard port
  • Time differences: applied to standard port HW/LW times
Read the full lesson: Secondary Port Calculations

Tidal Anomalies

The simple six-hour tidal curve is only a model. Local geography can create tidal anomalies such as double high waters, prolonged tidal stands, rapid rises after a slow start, tidal bores...

  • Local geography can create double highs, tidal stands, bores, and unusual stream behaviour
  • The Solent is a classic UK double-high-water area
Read the full lesson: Tidal Anomalies

Tidal Observation Buoys and Beacons

Predicted tide data should be checked against what the water is actually doing whenever practical. Some harbours, estuaries, and offshore sites provide tidal observation buoys, current me...

  • Observation buoys, beacons, gauges, and current meters can show live height or stream information
  • They help validate predictions affected by wind, pressure, surge, and river flow
Read the full lesson: Tidal Observation Buoys and Beacons

Tidal Diamonds and Stream Atlases

Tidal diamonds are lettered positions on the chart (e.g., diamond A, B, C) that give the set (direction) and rate (speed) of the tidal stream for each hour relative to HW at a reference p...

  • Tidal diamonds: direction (set) and speed (rate) at specific points
  • Data given for each hour relative to HW at a reference port
Read the full lesson: Tidal Diamonds and Stream Atlases

Tidal Streams in Passage Planning and Pilotage

Tidal streams directly affect your course made good, speed over ground, and passage time. On a coastal passage, timing your departure to work with the tide can save hours — or avoid a dan...

  • Time departures to work with favourable tidal streams
  • Tide against wind creates steep, dangerous seas
Read the full lesson: Tidal Streams in Passage Planning and Pilotage

Worked Secondary-Port and Tidal-Gate Example

Worked secondary-port example: the standard port HW is 0535 at 5.2 m and LW is 1148 at 1.1 m. The secondary port differences are HW +0015 and height -0.4 m; LW +0025 and height +0.2 m. Us...

  • Apply secondary-port time and height differences before using the tidal curve.
  • For a falling tide, subtract the relevant fraction of the range from HW height.
Read the full lesson: Worked Secondary-Port and Tidal-Gate Example

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